Researchers at Kew Gardens are conducting a new study to identify which tree species are preferred by bees, aiming to address the decline of these crucial pollinators.
Bee populations are dramatically decreasing globally due to factors such as habitat loss, climate change, and pesticide use, which poses a serious threat to biodiversity and food production.
However, there are concerns that comprehensive global research is not sufficiently addressing this critical issue.
The study is developing heat maps to identify the most popular tree species among bees.
Researchers are collecting DNA from pollen to better understand the preferences of pollinators.
UK Faces a ‘No-Fly Zone’
Researchers at Wakehurst, Kew’s “Wild Botanic Garden,” have started using bioacoustic sensors in trees to identify which ones attract bees the most.
This information aims to guide urban planners in selecting the best trees to plant in urban environments to help combat the concerning decline in bee populations.
Pollination research lead, Dr. Janine Griffiths-Lee, noted, “Almost 90% of our flowering plants depend on pollinators, but in the UK, the population of flying insects has decreased by about 60% in the last two decades.”
“Quantifying the decline is challenging, but we know it’s happening on a global scale, leading to instability in crop yields and the loss of vital ecosystem services.”
The new non-invasive monitors detect the buzzing sounds of bee wing beats, creating heat maps of their most favored areas.
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Bioacoustic sensors are positioned in trees to monitor which species attract bees the most.
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Dr. Griffiths-Lee elaborated, “While a tree’s footprint is relatively small, they are substantial three-dimensional structures covered in pollen and nectar, which are vital resources for pollinators.”
“Our goal is to identify the best trees for bees to facilitate informed decisions for landscape planners and urban architects.”
The study includes eight different tree species, such as horse chestnut and lime trees, comprising a mix of native and non-native varieties.
Researchers are also collecting pollen DNA, which assists in mapping the plant and flower preferences of insects.
Wakehurst’s director, Susan Raikes, refers to the 535-acre estate as a “living laboratory,” emphasizing the project’s focus on discovering nature-based solutions to the effects of climate change.
“The stakes are incredibly high; we face dual crises of biodiversity loss and climate change,” she stated.
“As climate conditions change, it is essential to understand which plants from warmer regions may thrive in the UK for the benefit of pollinators in the future.”
“If native plants are struggling, we need to identify alternative sources of pollen to ensure our survival.”